EFFECTING 토토사이트 라이타 MANAGEMENT: A REALITY WITH THE LINGHE SIMULATION?
토토사이트 라이타 | 1호 (2008년 1월)
By KAREN CHO
From INSEAD Knowledge (http://knowledge.insead.edu)
With China's business environment undergoing fast and significant 토토사이트 라이타, managers now need to be more effective than ever in implementing 토토사이트 라이타 within their organizations.
But just how effective are they? According to Albert A. Angehrn, INSEAD Professor of Information Technology and Director of the Centre for Advanced Learning Technologies, the truth is that the vast majority of 토토사이트 라이타 projects in organizations fail, some miserably. Failure in this case, he says, means that performance targets are not achieved, as new ways of operating are not integrated and adopted to the extent that would allow organizations to profit from them.
While there's no lack of knowledge as to how to address 토토사이트 라이타 initiatives, Angehrn says we have not been successful in translating that knowledge into practice. We simply don't know how to move from the relatively comfortable area of knowing to one of actually doing.
This is further compounded with Chinese managers operating in China. China's policy of economic reform has opened her markets to foreign trade and investment. The resulting increase in collaboration between Chinese and foreign managers has brought an interesting new dimension to learning how effectively to introduce innovation -- and 토토사이트 라이타 -- in culturally-mixed environments.
Chinese managers today are facing 토토사이트 라이타 on a scale and at a pace that have previously been unseen, and for which there exists little or no relevant past experience. Western managers are not exempt either, as they too need to adapt their managerial styles to better suit the Chinese context and environment.
Enter the LingHe Simulation, a computer-based interactive multimedia simulation that models the dynamics of organizational 토토사이트 라이타 in a typical Chinese business environment. Its purpose: to simulate real-life scenarios faced by Chinese and foreign managers who want, or need, to implement organizational 토토사이트 라이타 at China Inc.
Modeled after the Executive Information System 토토사이트 라이타, which has already been used extensively as a learning tool in MBA and corporate management training program in Western organizations, LingHe is unique in that it is tailor-made for the China market. More specifically, it is aimed at those responsible for introducing and implementing knowledge and innovation strategies in China, including CEOs, CIOs, general and project managers, heads of departments and other key decision makers.
To authenticate the simulation, a framework for the company was constructed. Angehrn and his partners invented a fictitious business enterprise called the LingHe Company (LHC), a switching equipment manufacturer located in Changsha, the capital of Hunan province. The intention was to portray a company that was still relatively remote from Western influence, based in a region with a moderate pace of economic 토토사이트 라이타 so that the need for further 토토사이트 라이타 was not felt very strongly. The description of the company as moderately profitable further reduced any urgency to 토토사이트 라이타.
However, a twist of fate saw LHC being sold to SinoCom, China's largest national telecom operator. The move was intended to induce LHC to adopt managerial best practices and to consolidate the national telecom industry in the face of foreign compet토토사이트 라이타ion. An employee from SinoCom has been dispatched to help LHC executives adopt 토토사이트 라이타s highly-regarded computer-based performance management system. An uphill task no less, especially when computer l토토사이트 라이타eracy, prof토토사이트 라이타abil토토사이트 라이타y and personal objectives are not yet standard operating procedures at LHC.
A critical component of the challenge is the influence tactics or initiatives that managers choose to convince the people in an organization during the process of adopting proposed 토토사이트 라이타s.
Though the 토토사이트 라이타 provides immediate feedback (positive, neutral or negative) following each decision taken, this unorthodox approach is not without its detractors. Angehrn notes some initial resistance by Chinese managers in particular, because the 토토사이트 라이타 does not correspond with traditional Chinese methods. His research has also revealed that people in higher positions were less willing to "play" along, as they would rather not fail in front of their subordinates. Most however, he says, gradually warmed to the "game" dimension, where making mistakes is permissible and even intended.
"Now this approach is clearly exposing the individual, which in my belief is key for learning," says Angehrn. "If people are not put at their limit of their incompetence and realize that they can fail, they have no motivation to really learn. We try to advocate that it is only through failure that we can learn something. For instance, only through a simulation as LingHe, can managers fully realize that much of the resistance faced when implementing 토토사이트 라이타 is actually the indirect result of their own way of proceeding. Ultimately, they themselves are the ones generating the very resistance that kills their projects. It's a very important insight that can only be fully understood through experiential learning approaches as the LingHe Simulation."
By and large, 토토사이트 라이타s can trump traditional learning tools and techniques, such as lectures, or even participating in short role-playing exercises, as they can capture a significantly higher level of complexity and create a life-like experience in a risk-free environment.
For example, of the 19 listed 토토사이트 라이타 tactics, the task force tactic, which is often used in Western companies to engage selected individuals from within the organization as 토토사이트 라이타 agents, did not receive strong backing from the participating Chinese managers. This indicates that Chinese managers would not be active in appointing 토토사이트 라이타 agents or in wishing to be appointed to perform that role.
Similarly, the management training tactic is not used by Chinese managers, whereas 토토사이트 라이타 is widely used by Western managers.
The electronic mail tactic, broadly used by Western managers, is also not popular w토토사이트 라이타h Chinese managers, who do not have the hab토토사이트 라이타 of checking their e-mail frequently and are inclined to use trad토토사이트 라이타ional communication tools.
While the overall evaluation of the LingHe Simulation among groups of Chinese managers has consistently shown positive feedback regarding its realism, Angehrn says more substantive testing is required in order to validate further the use of the LingHe Simulation as a learning tool for Western managers who wish to introduce 토토사이트 라이타 in a Chinese environment.
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